{"id":318,"date":"2009-12-17T16:41:09","date_gmt":"2009-12-17T09:41:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sashakrasnoyarsk.ru\/?p=318"},"modified":"2009-12-17T16:58:15","modified_gmt":"2009-12-17T09:58:15","slug":"questions-and-hints-about-linux-software-%d1%80%d0%b0%d0%b1%d0%be%d1%82%d0%b0-%d1%81-%d0%bf%d1%80%d0%be%d0%b3%d1%80%d0%b0%d0%bc%d0%bc%d0%b0%d0%bc%d0%b8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sashakrasnoyarsk.ru\/?p=318","title":{"rendered":"Questions and Hints about Linux software: \u0420\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438."},"content":{"rendered":"<ul>\n<li><strong>echo &#8216;0-5 20,22 * * 1-5 root bak.sh&#8217; &gt;&gt; \/etc\/crontab<\/strong> &#8212; \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e bak.sh \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f cron&#8217;\u043e\u043c \u0441 \u043d\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u044f\u0442\u0443\u044e \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0443 \u0432 20 \u0438 \u0432 22 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0443.<\/li>\n<li><strong>echo &#8216;*\/15 * 3 * root bak.sh&#8217; &gt;&gt; \/etc\/crontab<\/strong> &#8212; bak.sh \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0435 15 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442, \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e.<\/li>\n<li><strong>ps aux | grep process<\/strong> &#8212; \u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0443.<\/li>\n<li><strong>kill -TERM `cat \/usr\/local\/apache2\/logs\/httpd.pid`<\/strong> &#8212; \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0443.<\/li>\n<li><strong>pgrep httpd<\/strong> &#8212; \u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 PID&#8217;\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432.<\/li>\n<li><strong>pkill httpd<\/strong> &#8212; \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430\u043c.<\/li>\n<li><strong>killall \/usr\/sbin\/httpd<\/strong> &#8212; \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0443 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438.<\/li>\n<li><strong>nice -n -20 command<\/strong> &#8212; \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c command \u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0432\u044b\u0441\u0448\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c (-n 19 &#8212; \u043d\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0439).<\/li>\n<li><strong>ionice -c3 command<\/strong> &#8212; \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c command \u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430-\u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 (-\u04411 &#8212; \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0432\u044b\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0439). (\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a\u0430 CFQ)<\/li>\n<li><strong>env LANG=en_EN command<\/strong> &#8212; \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b \u0432 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0438.<\/li>\n<li><strong>nohup<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>command &amp;<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>gnome-screenshot &#8212;window &#8212;delay=5 &#8212; \u0421\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0448\u043e\u0442 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043a\u043d\u0430, \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u043e\u0439 5 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0434.<!--more--><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span id=\".D0.A3.D0.BF.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.B2.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.B5_.D0.BF.D0.B0.D0.BA.D0.B5.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BC.D0.B8\">\u0423\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><em>debian-\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f aptitude<\/em><\/p>\n<table border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0414\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435\\\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430<\/th>\n<th>apt (deb)Debian, Ubuntu<\/th>\n<th>yum (rpm)Fedora, CentOS<\/th>\n<th>pkgtoolsSlackware<\/th>\n<th>portsFreeBSD<\/th>\n<th>packagesFreeBSD<\/th>\n<th>pacmanArchLinux<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f<\/td>\n<td>aptitude install foo<\/td>\n<td>yum install foo -y<\/td>\n<td>&#8212;<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">cd \/usr\/ports\/foo &amp;&amp; make install<\/td>\n<td>pkg_add -r foo<\/td>\n<td>pacman -S foo<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0430<\/td>\n<td>dpkg -i foo.deb<\/td>\n<td>yum localinstall foo.rpmrpm -ivh foo.rpm<\/td>\n<td>installpkg foo.tgz<\/td>\n<td>pkg_add foo.tgz<\/td>\n<td>pacman -U foo.pkg.tar.gz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432<\/td>\n<td>aptitude install foo<\/td>\n<td>yum update foo<\/td>\n<td>upgradepkg foo.tgz<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>pacman -Su<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0423\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0430<\/td>\n<td>aptitude remove foo<\/td>\n<td>yum erase foo<\/td>\n<td>removepkg foo<\/td>\n<td>cd \/usr\/ports\/foo &amp;&amp; make deinstall<\/td>\n<td>pkg_delete foo<\/td>\n<td>pacman -R foo<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u0437 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0432.<\/td>\n<td>aptitude update<\/td>\n<td>yum check-update<\/td>\n<td>&#8212;<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>pkg_version<\/td>\n<td>pacman -Sy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a \u043f\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0430<\/td>\n<td>apt-cache search foo<\/td>\n<td>yum list foo<\/td>\n<td>&#8212;<\/td>\n<td>whereis fullnamefoo \u0438\u043b\u0438 make search key=foo<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a \u043f\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0430<\/td>\n<td>aptitude search foo<\/td>\n<td>yum search foo<\/td>\n<td>&#8212;<\/td>\n<td><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.freebsd.org\/ports\/\">http:\/\/www.freebsd.org\/ports\/<\/a><\/td>\n<td>&#8212;<\/td>\n<td>pacman -Ss foo<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043e \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0435<\/td>\n<td>aptitude show foo<\/td>\n<td>yum info foo<\/td>\n<td>&#8212;<\/td>\n<td>pkg_info -L foo-1.0 | less<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>pacman -Si foo<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0421\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435<\/td>\n<td>dpkg -l<\/td>\n<td>yum list installedrpm -qa<\/td>\n<td>ls \/var\/log\/packages\/<\/td>\n<td>ls \/var\/db\/pkg\/<\/td>\n<td>pkg_info<\/td>\n<td>pacman -Ql<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0443<\/td>\n<td>apt-file search file<\/td>\n<td>yum whatprovides file<\/td>\n<td>grep -R file \/var\/log\/packages\/<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>pacman -Qo file<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>aptitude install debian-archive-keyring<\/strong> &#8212; \u041e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0432.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span id=\".D0.A1.D0.B1.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.BA.D0.B0_.D0.BF.D0.B0.D0.BA.D0.B5.D1.82.D0.BE.D0.B2\">\u0421\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432<\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>rpm -i foo-1.2.src.rpm &amp;&amp; cd \/usr\/src\/redhat\/SPECS &amp;&amp; rpmbuild -bb foo-1.2.spec<\/strong> &#8212; \u0421\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c foo.rpm.<\/li>\n<li><strong>cd \/usr\/ports\/foo &amp;&amp; make package<\/strong> &#8212; \u0421\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c package \u0434\u043b\u044f FreeBSD.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>(c) \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0439. \u041a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u0441 <a title=\"http:\/\/ru.wikibooks.org\/wiki\/Linux-hand-book\" href=\"http:\/\/ru.wikibooks.org\/wiki\/Linux-hand-book#.D0.A0.D0.B0.D0.B1.D0.BE.D1.82.D0.B0_.D1.81_.D0.BF.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.B3.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.BC.D0.BC.D0.B0.D0.BC.D0.B8\">http:\/\/ru.wikibooks.org\/wiki\/Linux-hand-book<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>echo &#8216;0-5 20,22 * * 1-5 root bak.sh&#8217; &gt;&gt; \/etc\/crontab &#8212; \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e bak.sh \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f cron&#8217;\u043e\u043c \u0441 \u043d\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u044f\u0442\u0443\u044e \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0443 \u0432 20 \u0438 \u0432 22 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0443. echo &#8216;*\/15 * 3 * &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/sashakrasnoyarsk.ru\/?p=318\">\u0427\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0435 <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,67,19,6,66,7,75,21,8],"tags":[414,98,359,360,99,100,341,339,1550,104,342,350,338,1542,353,362,349,344,347,1544,287,348,351,357,358,345,363,364,355,346,356,343,361,340,1545,354],"class_list":["post-318","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-freebsd","category-linux-qh","category-linux","category-pc","category-qh","category-software","category-software-linux-qh-qh","category-ubuntu","category-unix-and-bsd","tag-414","tag-apt","tag-apt-cache","tag-apt-file","tag-apt-get","tag-aptitude","tag-archlinux","tag-centos","tag-debian","tag-dpkg","tag-echo","tag-env","tag-fedora","tag-freebsd","tag-gnome-screenshot","tag-grep","tag-ionice","tag-kill","tag-killall","tag-linux","tag-ls","tag-nice","tag-nohup","tag-packages","tag-packman","tag-pgrep","tag-pkg_info","tag-pkg_version","tag-pkgtools","tag-pkill","tag-ports","tag-ps","tag-rpm","tag-slackware","tag-ubuntu","tag-yum"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sashakrasnoyarsk.ru\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/318","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sashakrasnoyarsk.ru\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sashakrasnoyarsk.ru\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sashakrasnoyarsk.ru\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sashakrasnoyarsk.ru\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=318"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/sashakrasnoyarsk.ru\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/318\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":326,"href":"https:\/\/sashakrasnoyarsk.ru\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/318\/revisions\/326"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sashakrasnoyarsk.ru\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=318"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sashakrasnoyarsk.ru\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=318"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sashakrasnoyarsk.ru\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=318"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}